Swimming (sport)

The race started swimming in Europe around the year 1800. Most of the swimmers swim using breaststroke. In 1873, John Arthur Trudgen introduced the style in the race-romba trudgen swimming freestyle after imitating the Indian tribes. As a result of the British dislike of swimming movement that splashed water all over the place, Trudgen replace freestyle leg movements are whipped up and down the leg movements such as the scissor-style pool side.
Swimming was one of the sports that are contested since the Olympic Games Athens 1896. Number pool princess contested since 1912 Stockholm Olympics. In 1902, Richard Cavill introduced the front crawl swimming. The International Swimming Federation was formed in 1908. Butterfly style first developed in the 1930s. At first, butterfly style is a variation of the breaststroke before considered as a style of its own pool in 1952.
In the Netherlands Indies, United Swimming Bandung (Bandungse Zwembond) was founded in 1917. In the following year founded the United Swim West Java (West Java Zwembond), United Swimming and East Java (Java Zwembond Oost) was founded in 1927. Since then the race began swimming across regions are often held. Record in the championships are also listed as a record in the Netherlands. [1]
In 1936, the Dutch East Indies swimmer named Pet Stam record of 59.9 seconds for the 100m freestyle in the pool Cihampelas Bandung. Pet Stam sent as a representative of the Netherlands at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Unity Swim All Indonesia was established March 21, 1951, and as a member of the International Swimming Federation since the following year. Indonesia swimmers participating in a race in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. [1]
Facilities and equipment
Swimming pool
The main article for this section are: Olympic-sized pool
The length of the pool is 50 m path length while short-track is 25 m. In the specification of the International Swimming Federation to set an Olympic-sized swimming pool 50 m long and 25 m. wide pool The minimum pool depth of 1.35 meters, 1.0 m starting from the first track to at least 6.0 m is calculated from the walls of the pool which is equipped beams start. Minimum depth in the other part is 1.0 m. [2]
Trajectory
The track width of at least 2.5 m with a distance of at least 0.2 m beyond the first track and last track. [2] Each track is separated by a long rope the same path with the path lengths.
Rope trajectory consists of a series of small buoys on a rope whose length is equal to the length of the track. Buoys on the rope circling trajectory can be when exposed to water waves. Rope trajectories distinguished by color: green for trajectories 1 and 8, blue for trajectory 2, 3, 6, and 7, and yellow for the trajectories 4 and 5. [2]
Swimmers are placed on the track based on time records in the preliminary round (heat). In the pool berlintasan odd, the fastest swimmers seeded in the trajectory at the center. In pool 8 track, the fastest swimmers are placed on the track 4 (on the track 3 for swimming trajectory 6). [3] swimmer-swimmer with a time in a row underneath the track occupies 5, 3, 6, 2, 7, 1, and 8 .
Timers
In the international race or the race that matters, the board touch automatic timers installed on both sides of the pool wall. Thick board is only 1 cm touch. [4]
Swimmers listed on the board touch any time reversal and finish. Touch pad timer Omega production started to be used in the Pan-American Games 1967 in Winnipeg, Canada. [5]
Beams start
At the start of each block contained a loudspeaker to voice shot gun start and the start timer sensor records the time when swimmers jump from a block start.
High beams start from 0.5 m to 0.75 from the surface of the water. Beam size is 0.5 x 0.5 start m, and above it antilicin coated materials. The slope of the beam start does not exceed 10 °. [2]
Regulation of the race in the pool
On the number style swimming butterfly, breaststroke, and freestyle, swimmers perform starting position on the starting blocks. Body bent toward the water with your knees slightly bent.
In the backstroke number, starting position in the water carried by the body facing the pool wall. Both hand held an iron grip on the starting blocks, while the foot rests on the wall of the pool, and both knees bent between the two arms. Backstroke starting position is also used by the first swimmer in the medley relay.
The referee calling the start of the swimmers with a long whistle blast to climb onto the block start (getting in the water for backstroke and medley relay). Swimmers are in a starting position after the cue Ready (Take your marks in English) shouted by referee starts. [6] Start declared invalid if the swimmers jump from the beam before the start cue. [7] To the shot gun start begins , swimmer's body must be in a state of silence.
Race number
Main article: List of swimming world records
Swimming races consist of numbers according to the mileage race, sex, and four styles of swimming (freestyle, butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke). Numbers of sons and daughters who swim in the Olympics diperlombakan:
• Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m (daughter), 1500 m (boys)
• The style butterfly: 100 m, 200 m
• Style your back: 100 m, 200 m
• Chest Style: 100 m, 200 m.
• replace individual style: 200 m and 400 m
• Style replace relay: 4 x 100 m
• Freestyle relay: 4 x 100 m, 4 x 200 m
• Marathon 10 km. [8]
The International Swimming Federation recognizes the world record son / daughter to swim numbers:
• Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m
• Style back: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
• Style Chest: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
• The style butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
• replace individual style: 100 m (short-track only), 200 m, 400 m
• Freestyle relay: 4 × 100 m, 4 × 200 m
• Style replace relay: 4 × 100 m [9]
In the individual medley number, a swimmer wearing four forces alternately for one round, the following order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle. On the number pool 100 m individual medley, a race held in short-track pool 25 m.
In the 4 x 100 m medley relay, a team of four individuals represented each swimmer to swim 100 m. The first swimmer to swim the backstroke start, swimmers continued breaststroke, butterfly swimmer, and terminated by a freestyle swimmer.
Clothing
The International Swimming Federation has a list of brands and types of approved swimsuits in swimming races. [10] allowed Swimmers wearing bathing cap and swimming goggles. Swimmers can choose to wear glasses, goggles minus, or wearing contact lenses with normal goggles.
Swimmers are not allowed to wear a bathing suit or a tool that can affect the speed, buoyancy or endurance during a race, such as webbed gloves, frog legs, fins, and so on. [6]